teach用作不及物动词时,意思是“教书”,美式英语则常把teach用作及物动词,以school作宾语来表示“教书”的意思。试比较下面两个句子:
Miss Yang is teaching at a school in Bei- jing.(BrE)
Miss Yang is teaching school in Beijing.
(AmE)
杨小姐在北京的一所学校里教书。
这组词共同的意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别:
1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct, educate, train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”; educate强调的是“总体性”; train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下:
①instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:
Dr. Williams instructs classes in algebra.威廉博士教代数课。
②educate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如:世界观、性格、品质等。例如:
The poor boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.这可怜的孩子只有在工作完以后的晚上自学。
Some schools teach, but fail to educate their students.有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。
We are educated under the Party.我们受党的教育。
③train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上, train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:
They were trained as animal doctors in this school.他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。
He is specially trained for this kind of work.为了胜任这种工作,他曾受过特殊训练。
The old farmer trained his horse to do farm work for him.老农夫训练他的马为他干农活。
Mother tried to train the vines over the porch.母亲想引导葡萄藤爬到门廊上面。
④school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:
She was schooled in foreign languages.她在外语方面受到过严格训练。
His father was schooled in Harvard.他的父亲是在哈佛大学受教育的。
The parents schooled their children in politeness.家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。
He was schooled by life itself.生活本身锻炼了他。
2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同, teach接sb sth; 而instruct接sb in sth。试比较下面两个句子:
Mr. Smith taught us English.
Mr. Smith instructed us in English.
史密斯先生教我们英语。
另外,两词接to- v 时意思也不同:teach sb to- v 的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instruct sb to- v 的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:
He taught us to run the machine.他教我们开机器。
We are instructed when to start.已有人通知我们何时出发。
3.tutor和coach的含义与上述五个词不同,强调的是“个别性”,向一位专门教师学习,或在某小组中学习,即进行个别辅导。它们的区别是:
coach只指补习或辅导,不指教新课,而tutor既可指复习功课,也可指讲授新课。例如:
I'll coach some of the students this evening.今晚我要辅导几个学生。
He is coaching a basketball team.他正在指导一个篮球队。
The teacher tutors him to play the piano.这位教师教他弹钢琴。
I offered to tutor him in English.我建议替他补习英文。
He taught me to dance.
He taught me how to dance.
He taught me dancing.
他教我跳舞。
He is teaching at a school.
He is teaching in a school.
他在学校教书。
词源记忆法
来源于原始印欧语deik-(展示)。deik-进入希腊语为deiknunai(展示),是英语paradigm和拉丁语dicere(说,讲)的词源。deik-进入日耳曼语为taik-,派生了英语token和德语zeigen(展示);taik-在日耳曼语中派生的taikjan,是英语teach的词源。
近似单词
beach n.海岸;母狗
重要短语
teach oneself 自学
teach english 教英语
teach school 教书;当教师
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
Rarely do schoolteachers have leeway to teach classes the way they want.
鲜有学校老师可随心所欲地教书的情况。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》You cannot assume that a speaker of English is ipso facto qualified to teach English.
你不能假定会说英语的人就有资格教英语。
来源:《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》One Sunday he began trying to teach the two puppies to walk on a leash.
一个星期天,他开始尝试训练两只小狗系上皮带走路。
来源:柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典How can you teach a child who just grins stupidly at you all day?
如果一个孩子整天都冲着你傻笑,你怎么能教他 呢 ?
来源:《简明英汉词典》I've been driving a car for thirty years, so don't teach your grandmother to such eggs.
不要在我面前卖弄,我已经开了30年车了.
来源:《简明英汉词典》They do agree Africa could teach America a thing or two about family values.
他们一致认为,在家庭价值方面,非洲可以教给美洲很多。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》An educational system which fails to teach basic arithmetic is seriously deficient.
一个沒教基础算术知识的教育体制是有严重缺陷的.
来源:《简明英汉词典》Members of the union will continue to teach their full timetables.
协会成员将继续教授所有课程。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》Most schools teach children lower case letters first, and upper case letters later.
大多学校先教孩子们小写字母,然后再教大写字母。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》He wanted to teach her a lesson for showing him up in front of Leonov.
她在列昂诺夫面前让他难堪,他要教训她一通。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》I teach psychology by way of a range of traditional lectures, practicals and tutorials.
我采用传统授课与实践和指导相结合的方式教授心理学。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》They teach managers to accept reversals as a fact of business life.
他们教给管理人员要将挫折视为生意上的平常事。
来源:《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》You have first got to motivate the children and then to teach them.
你首先得激发孩子的学习兴趣,然后再去教他们.
来源:《简明英汉词典》Without microscopes and other modern equipment, attempts to teach science were futile.
没有显微镜及其他现代化的设备, 想教授自然科学是不会有成果的.
来源:《现代汉英综合大词典》微语录 · 句子大全
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